Git tutorial

Certainly! Git is a powerful version control system that allows developers to track changes to their code, collaborate with others, and manage software development projects efficiently. Here’s a comprehensive tutorial to get you started with Git:

Table of Contents:

1. Introduction to Git
2. Installation
3. Configuration
4. Basic Git Commands
   • Initializing a Repository
   • Checking Repository Status
   • Adding Files to the Staging Area
   • Committing Changes
   • Viewing Commit History
5. Branching
   • Creating a New Branch
   • Switching Between Branches
   • Merging Branches
6. Remote Repositories
   • Cloning a Repository
   • Adding a Remote Repository
   • Pushing Changes
   • Pulling Changes
7. Collaboration
   • Forking a Repository
   • Creating Pull Requests
   • Reviewing Pull Requests
8. Advanced Topics
   • Resolving Merge Conflicts
   • Rebasing
   • Tagging Releases
   • Git Aliases
   • Git Hooks

1. Introduction to Git:

Git is a distributed version control system used to track changes in source code during software development. It allows multiple developers to work on a project simultaneously without interfering with each other’s work.

2. Installation:

You can download and install Git from the official website: Git Downloads

3. Configuration:

After installation, configure your name and email address using the following commands:

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git config --global user.name "Your Name" git config --global user.email "[email protected]"

4. Basic Git Commands:

Initializing a Repository:

To start tracking changes to your project, navigate to your project directory and initialize a Git repository:

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git init

Checking Repository Status:

You can check the status of your repository to see which files have been modified and staged for commit:

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git status

Adding Files to the Staging Area:

Before committing changes, you need to add them to the staging area:

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git add <file_name>

Committing Changes:

Commit the changes to the repository along with a descriptive message:

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git commit -m "Your commit message here"

Viewing Commit History:

View the commit history of the repository:

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git log

5. Branching:

Creating a New Branch:

Create a new branch for a new feature or bug fix:

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git checkout -b <branch_name>

Switching Between Branches:

Switch between branches:

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git checkout <branch_name>

Merging Branches:

Merge changes from one branch into another:

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git checkout <destination_branch> git merge <source_branch>

6. Remote Repositories:

Cloning a Repository:

Clone an existing repository from a remote server:

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git clone <repository_url>

Adding a Remote Repository:

Add a remote repository to your local Git configuration:

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git remote add origin <remote_repository_url>

Pushing Changes:

Push your changes to a remote repository:

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git push origin <branch_name>

Pulling Changes:

Pull changes from a remote repository to your local repository:

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git pull origin <branch_name>

7. Collaboration:

Forking a Repository:

Fork a repository on GitHub to create your copy of it:

• Navigate to the repository on GitHub.
• Click the “Fork” button in the upper right corner.

Creating Pull Requests:

Create a pull request to merge changes from a feature branch into the main branch:

• Navigate to your forked repository.
• Click on the “Pull Requests” tab.
• Click on the “New Pull Request” button.

Reviewing Pull Requests:

Review pull requests submitted by other contributors:

• Navigate to the repository.
• Click on the “Pull Requests” tab.
• Review the changes and leave comments if necessary.

8. Advanced Topics:

Resolving Merge Conflicts:

When Git cannot automatically merge changes, you need to resolve conflicts manually:

• Open the conflicted file(s) in a text editor.
• Resolve the conflicts.
• Add the resolved files to the staging area and commit the changes.

Rebasing:

Rebasing allows you to apply changes from one branch onto another:

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git checkout <branch_to_rebase_onto> git rebase <branch_to_be_rebased>

Tagging Releases:

Tag specific commits to mark them as releases:

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git tag -a <tag_name> -m "Release description" <commit_hash>

Git Aliases:

Create aliases for frequently used Git commands:

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git config --global alias.<alias_name> <git_command>

Git Hooks:

Git hooks allow you to run custom scripts at specific points during the Git workflow:

• Navigate to the .git/hooks directory in your repository.
• Create executable scripts with the desired hooks.

This tutorial covers the basics of Git. As you continue to use Git, you’ll discover more advanced features and techniques to improve your workflow. Experimenting with Git in real-world scenarios is the best way to become proficient with it.